Silphium (probably of the genus Ferula) was a plant that grew in the area of Cyrene, present day Libya, and was widely renowned as a spice, medicinal herb and perfume ingredient throughout the empires of the classical antiquity. It was praised by Greek philosophers and writers, as well as Roman emperors and cookbook authors.

Top:
Silphium
Accord
Cistus
Mid:
Cinnamon
Tobacco
Geranium
Black pepper
Ginger
Clove
Base:
Frankincense
Cedar wood
Myrrh
Leather